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The first applications of vibration for the improvement of human performance were developed in ancient Greece. As a therapy, whole body vibration (sometimes abbreviated as WBV) was explored by Russian scientists who tested vibration on astronauts in an effort to decrease the loss of muscle and bone mass in space. Recently whole body vibration platforms have been popularized and used with sports teams, personal trainers and in home gyms as one of the hottest new trends in exercise.
Because more muscle fibers (also known as motor units) are activated under the influence of vibration than in normal, conscious muscle contractions the muscles are incited more efficiently (Paradisis & Zacharogiannis _2007 [11]; Lamont et al. 2006 [12]; Cormie et al 2006 [13]; _Bosco et al. 1999 [9], 2000 [14]; Rittweger 2001 [15], 2002 [16]; Abercromby et al. 2005 [17]; Amonette et al. 2005 [18]). The immediate effect of WBV is therefore that the muscles can be used quickly and efficiently, rendering them capable of producing more force. However, this process will only be effective if the stimulus is not too intense and does not last too long, because otherwise performance will diminish due to fatigue.
Another immediate effect of WBV is an improvement of circulation. The rapid contraction and relaxation of the muscles at 20 to 50 times per second basically works as a pump on the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, increasing the speed of the blood flow through the body (Kerschan-Schindl et al 2001 [19]; Lohman et al. 2007 [20]). Subjects often experience this as a tingling, prickling, warm sensation in the skin. Both Stewart (2005 [21]) and Oliveri (1989 [22]) describe the appearance of vasodilatation (widening of the blood vessels) as a result of vibration.